Phylum Cnidaria 巋朎摦暔栧 (sensu Brusca etal.,
2016; Kayal et al., 2018) 丂3垷栧8~9峧31栚 栺13,400庬丆擔杮偱偼4峧29栚194壢1,820庬
Subphylum Anthozoa 壴拵垷栧丗僂儈僩僒僇椶乮僜僼僩僐乕儔儖乯丆憿徥僒儞僑椶丆儎僊椶丆僀僜僊儞僠儍僋椶側偳丏2垷峧15栚132壢栺6,225庬乮擔杮偱偼2垷峧13栚107壢栺1,250庬乯
丂丂丂Subclass Octocorallia 敧曻僒儞僑垷峧丗僂儈僩僒僇椶丆儎僊椶丆僂儈僄儔椶丆傾僆僒儞僑椶側偳丏
丂丂丂Subclass Hexacorallia 榋曻僒儞僑垷峧丗僀僔僒儞僑椶丆僀僜僊儞僠儍僋椶側偳丏
丂丂丂*Ceriantipatharia **Brusca and Brusca (2003)偱偼撈棫偺峧偲偝傟偨偑丆Bursca et al. (2016)偱偼榋曻僒儞僑垷峧偺侾栚丏
Subphylum Medusozoa
丂Class Hydrozoa 僸僪儘拵峧丗僸僪儔椶丆僔儘僈儎丆僇僣僆僲僄儃僔丆僆僩僸儊僲僴僫僈僒丆傾僫僒儞僑儌僪僉椶乮憿徥僒儞僑椶乯側偳 丂11栚108壢3,717庬乮擔杮偱偼11栚72壢530庬乯*World Hydrozoa Database 尰嵼3,717庬
丂Class Scyphozoa 敨拵峧乮敨僋儔僎峧乯丗儈僘僋儔僎丆傾僇僋儔僎丆僄僠僛儞僋儔僎丆僞僐僋儔僎側偳丏4栚21壢栺200庬乮擔杮偱偼4栚13壢栺30庬
丂Class Cubozoa 敔拵峧乮棫曽僋儔僎峧乯丗傾儞僪儞僋儔僎丆僴僽僋儔僎側偳丏1栚2壢36庬乮擔杮偱偼1栚2壢4庬乯
丂Class Staurozoa 廫暥帤僋儔僎峧丂栺50庬丂傾僒僈僆僋儔僎傗僔儍儞僨儕傾僋儔僎側偳掙惗惈偺僋儔僎椶
丂丂仏偙傟傑偱敨拵峧偺1栚偵娷傔傜傟偨偑丆宍懺傗惗妶巎丆DNA偺夝愅偐傜2005擭偵撈棫偺峧偲偝傟偨丏掙惗惈偺僋儔僎椶偱梀塲偣偢丆僋儔僎婜偵偼億儕僾偲僋儔僎偑崌懱偟偨宍懺傪帵偡丏廫暥帤僋儔僎椶 Stauromedusae偲壔愇庬偺僐僯儏儔儕傾椶 Conulatae傪娷傓乮嶰戭丒Lindsay, 2013乯丏
Subphylum Myxozoa
儈僋僜僝傾垷栧丂偡傋偰婑惗惈丆栺2,200庬 *Kayal et al. (2018)偼Myxozoa偺巓枀孮傪 Polypodium hydriforme乮僠儑僂僓儊椶偺棏偵婑惗乯偲偟 偰 Endocnidozoa偲偟偨丏
丂Class Myxosporea丂栺1,200庬
丂Class
Malacosporea 栺1,000庬
丂*Class Polypodiozoa *Polypodium hydriforme偺傒
仚Kayal, E. et al.. 2013. Cnidarian phylogenetic relationships as revealed by mitogenomics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13:5
仚Kayal, E. et al. 2018. Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian lineages and insights on the origins of key organismal traits. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18:68
仛 the Shape of Life: Cnidarians: Life on the Move丂巋朎摦暔栧偺摦夋乮塸岅斉乯
仚乽僋儕僗僞儖儃乕儖丂僞儅僋儔僎偺惗妶巎乿丂搶嫗僔僱儅怴幮
憿徥僒儞僑椶偲妼拵憯偲偺憡棙嫟惗娭學乮杮愳丆2008丗僒儞僑偲僒儞僑徥偺偼側偟乯
丂扨嵶朎偺怉暔僾儔儞僋僩儞偱偁傞妼拵憯偼塓曏栄憯椶偵懏偟丆僒儞僑椶偺懱撪偱偼枌偵曪傑傟偰堓憌偺嵶朎拞偵懚嵼偡傞丏塓曏栄憯椶偼丆悈拞偱偼妅偲2杮偺曏栄傪傕偮偑丆僒儞僑椶偺懱撪偵偄傞妼拵憯偼妅傕曏栄傕幐偄丆捈宎0.01儈儕偺媴宍偲側傞丏僒儞僑椶偺懱奜傊弌偨帪偵偼丆傆偨偨傃妅偲2杮偺曏栄傪嶌傝丆揟宆揑側塓曏栄憯椶偺宍懺偲側傞丏憿徥僒儞僑椶偺宍忬偼妼拵憯偺岝崌惉偺偨傔偵惗懅娐嫬偵傛傝條乆偱丆岝偺嫮偄愺偄悈怺偱偼怉暔偺庽栘傛偆側宍忬偲側傝乮崅憌寶抸乯丆岝傪庴偗傞柺愊傪嵟戝偵偟偰丆偐偮攇楺偺塭嬁偑嵟彫偲側傞傛偆側宍傪偲傞丏摨庬偱傕惗懅娐嫬偵傛傝宍忬偑堎側傞丏傑偨丆憿徥僒儞僑椶摨巑偺嫃廧嬻娫傪傔偖傞嫞憟傕寖偟偔峴傢傟傞丏
丂僒儞僑椶偵偲偭偰偺棙塿
丂丂丂侾乯妼拵憯偺岝崌惉嶻暔乮扽慺壔崌暔乯傪傕傜偄僄僱儖僊乕尮偲偡傞丂仏僾儔儞僋僩儞傕曔怘
丂丂丂俀乯妼拵憯偺岝崌惉嶻暔偱偁傞巁慺傪傕傜偆
丂丂丂俁乯僒儞僑椶偑崌惉偱偒側偄昁恵傾儈僲巁傪丆妼拵憯偑僒儞僑椶偺攔煏暔偐傜嶌傞乮傜偟偄乯
丂丂丂係乯僒儞僑椶偑攔煏偡傞拏慺壔崌暔偲屇媧偵傛傞擇巁壔扽慺傪妼拵憯偑張棟偡傞乮棙梡偡傞乯
丂妼拵憯偵偲偭偰偺棙塿
丂丂丂侾乯僒儞僑撪偵廧傓偙偲偱抔偐偔擔摉傝偺傛偄廧嫃傪棙梡偱偒丆偍偍傛偦曔怘幰偐傜傕曐岇偝傟傞
丂丂丂俀乯擬懷偺奀偱偼晄懌偑偪側儕儞傗拏慺側偳偺昁恵偺塰梴暘傪僒儞僑偐傜捈愙摼傜傟傞丂
丂丂丂丂丂仏偝傜偵丆僒儞僑椶偼奀悈拞偺柍婡偺拏慺乮傾儞儌僯傾偲徤巁墫乯傕懱撪偵庢傝崬傓
丂丂丂俁乯僒儞僑椶偑攔弌偡傞擇巁壔扽慺傪岝崌惉偵捈愙棙梡偱偒傞丂
丂丂丂丂丂仏偝傜偵丆僒儞僑椶偼奀悈拞偺廳扽巁僀僆儞傪擇巁壔扽慺偵曄偊偰懱撪偵庢傝崬傓
丂丂丂係乯擔岝偺桳奞側巼奜慄傗嫮偡偓傞壜帇岝傪杊偖
丂丂丂丂丂仏僒儞僑椶偺儅僀僐僗億儕儞條傾儈僲巁偑巼奜慄傪媧廂偟丆擬偲偟偰暘嶶偝偣傞
丂丂丂丂丂仏愺偄悈怺偵偡傓僒儞僑椶偱偼丆岝崌惉傪慾奞偡傞嫮偄壜帇岝傪杊偖暔幙乮寀岝僞儞僷僋幙乯偱妼拵憯傪暍偆傛偆偵暘晍偡傞庬傕懚嵼偡傞
丂丂丂丂丂仏怺偄悈怺偵偡傓僒儞僑椶偱偼丆妼拵憯偺壓偵寀岝僞儞僷僋幙偑暘晍偟丆捠傝敳偗傞庛偄岝傪斀幩偟丆嵞棙梡偡傞
仛妼拵憯偑岝崌惉偵傛傝嶌傞僄僱儖僊乕偺1妱偼丆妼拵憯帺恎偑屇媧傗惉挿偵巊偄丆巆傝偺9妱偼僒儞僑椶偵搉偡丏僒儞僑椶偼偦偺敿暘傪屇媧傗惉挿偵妱傝摉偰丆巆傝敿暘偱偍傕偵擲塼乮扽悈壔暔傗僞儞僷僋幙偐傜側傞崅暘巕偱丆悈暘傪懡検偵娷傓僎儖乯傪嶌傝丆懱奜偵攔弌偡傞丏擲塼偼妼拵憯桼棃偺慺嵽偱偁傝丆僒儞僑椶偺懱昞傪曐岇偡傞栶妱偑偁傞丏傑偨丆掕婜揑偵攳偑傟丆奀悈偵梟偗偨傝奀掙偵棊偪偰悈拞傗奀掙偺僶僋僥儕傾偺塧偲側傝丆僒儞僑徥堟偺怘暔楢嵔傪巟偊傞丏擬懷偺僒儞僑徥偺奀悈偼丆摟柧搙偑嬌傔偰崅偔丆偮傑傝僾儔儞僋僩儞椶偑彮側偄偨傔昻塰梴偱偁傞丏偟偐偟丆偦偺惗懺宯偺崅偄庬懡條惈偼丆憿徥僒儞僑椶偲妼拵憯偺嫟惗娭學偺嶻暔丆僒儞僑椶偑採嫙偡傞3師尦揑側峔憿傗摦暔偑壛岺偟傗偡偄扽巁僇儖僔僂儉偺崪奿偑惗傒弌偡懡條側惗懅娐嫬偵傛傝宍惉偝傟傞丏
儕儞僋
NHK for School 儈僋儘儚乕儖僪丗悈拞偺幩寕庤丂僸僪儔偺旈枾 丟晄巚媍側曄恎丂僋儔僎偺堦惗丟恓偱峌寕丂僀僜僊儞僠儍僋
僇僣僆僲僄儃僔乮怴峕僲搰悈懓娰乯丟傾僇僋儔僎乮怴峕僲搰悈懓娰乯丏
儐價傾僔僋儔僎 Tiburonia granrojo Matsumoto, Raskoff and Lindsay, 2003 *BISMaL: Biological Information System for Marine Life (JAMSTEC)
僂儈僒儃僥儞丂擔杮悈拞塮憸丂僂儈僄儔丂丂僋僒價儔僀僔乮扨懱偺僒儞僑椶乯
乽僋儕僗僞儖儃乕儖丂僞儅僋儔僎偺惗妶巎乿丂搶嫗僔僱儅怴幮丂乮僸僪儘拵峧丆僞儅僋儔僎乯
乽儅儕儞僼儔儚乕僘−峯挵摦暔偺惗妶寳−乿 搶嫗僔僱儅怴幮乮1990擭乯
嶲峫暥專
Brusca, R.C. and G.J.
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Publishers, 936 pp.
嶰戭桾巙丒Dhugal Lindsay乮2013乯嵟怴僋儔僎恾娰110庬偺僋儔僎偺晄巚媍側惗懺丏惤暥摪怴岝幮丆搶嫗丏128pp.
杮愳払梇乮2008乯僒儞僑偲僒儞僑徥偺偼側偟丏撿偺奀偺傆偟偓側惗懺宯丏拞岞怴彂 1953丏273pp.
墱扟嫪巌丒晲揷惓椣丒崱暉摴晇
曇乮1997乯乽擔杮摦暔戝昐壢戞7姫 柍愐捙摦暔乿暯杴幮丏
敀嶳媊媣 曇乮2000乯乽僶僀僆僨傿僶乕僔僥傿乕丒僔儕乕僘5丂柍愐捙摦暔偺懡條惈偲宯摑乮愡懌摦暔傪彍偔乯乿徶壺朳丏
嶳壓宩巌乮2011乯僸僪儔丂夦暔丠怉暔丠摦暔両丂娾攇壢妛儔僀僽儔儕乕181(偄偒傕偺乯娾攇彂揦丆搶嫗丏120pp.