Phylum Xenacoelomorpha 捒柍挵摦暔栧
丂柍挵摦暔垷栧
丂捒塓拵垷栧仏Xenoturbella bocki (X. westbaldi 偼怴嶲堎柤) , X monstrosa, X. churro, X. profunda, X. hollandorum, 偦偟偰 X. japonica 偺6庬傪娷傓

柍挵摦暔垷栧

捒塓拵乮偪傫偆偢傓偟丆偪傫偐偪傘偆乯垷栧偺摿挜

捒塓宍摦暔“偪傫偆偢偑偨偳偆傇偮”乮拞栰丆2013乯
丒屻惗摦暔偺堦栧偁傞偄偼嵍塃憡徧摦暔偺弶婜攈惗孮偱丆嵍塃憡徧丆柍懱峯偺摦暔
丒儓乕儘僢僷奀堟偲搶惣懢暯梞偺奀掙偵惗懅偡傞6庬傪娷傓(Nakano et al., 2017)
丒懱偼朼悗忬偱丆懱挿偼2~3cm
丒懱昞偵偼丆慜曽椉懁偺廲憱慇栄峚偲懱拞墰傪娐忬憱傞慇栄峚傪傕偮
丒慇栄宯偺旝嵶峔憿偼挵橐椶乮僊儃僔儉僔椶乯傗塓拵椶乮僾儔僫儕傾側偳乯偵帡傞
丒岥偼戃忬偺堓峯偵捈愙捠偠丆汨栧偼側偄
丒暯峵朎偑偁傞偑丆拞悤恄宱偼側偄
丒帗梇摨懱
丒惗怋態偼堓峯偺傑傢傝偵暘嶶偡傞偑丆岎愙婍姱惗怋岴傪寚偔
丒捈払敪惗偱丆偦偺條幃偼滸宍摦暔偺柍挵椶偵帡傞

宯摑
丂嵟弶偼滸宍摦暔栧偵暘椶偝傟偨偑丆偦偺屻偺暘巕宯摑夝愅偱偼屻岥摦暔偺堦孮偲偝傟傞乮Bourlat et al., 2006)丏偟偐偟丆偐偮偰滸宍摦暔偵暘椶偝傟偨柍挵椶偲旂拞恄宱椶傪柍挵宆滸宍摦暔栧乮Acoelomorpha)偲偟偰丆捒塓宍摦暔栧偲嬫暿偡傞懱宯傗偙傟傜傪捒柍挵摦暔栧乮Xenacoelomorph)偲偟偰摑崌偡傞懱宯傕偁傞乮娹嵅傎偐丆2013乯丏嵟怴偺忣曬偱偼丆Xenacoelomorpha 偑偡傋偰偺嵍塃憡徧摦暔乮=Nephrozoa丆媽岥摦暔偲怴岥摦暔乯偺巓枀孮乮Cannon et al., 2016)偁傞偄偼媽岥摦暔偺巓枀孮(Rouse et al., 2016)偲悇掕偝傟偨丏

*捒柍挵摦暔栧偼丆2垷栧2峧19壢115懏395庬傪娷傓乮Tyler and Schilling, 2011).
**摗揷乮2010: 181乯偺乽僐儔儉4 宯摑庽傪偝傑傛偭偨捒塓拵乿傪嶲徠丏

嶲峫暥專
Bourlat et al. 2006. Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic cordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida. Nature, 444(2 Nov. 2006): 85-88.
Cannon J. T. et al. 2016. Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa. Nature, 530: 89-93 (04 Feb. 2016).
摗揷晀旻丏2010丏怴丒惗柦壢妛僔儕乕僘 摦暔偺宯摑暘椶偲恑壔丏徶壺朳丆搶嫗丏194pp.
娹嵅丂梖丒憅扟丂帬丒嵵摗惉栫丒捤扟桾堦丏2013丏娾攇惗暔妛帿揟丆戞俆斉丏娾攇彂揦丆搶嫗丏xviii+2173pp.
拞栰桾徍丏2013丏捒塓拵摦暔栧丏Pp. 301-302丏擔杮恑壔妛夛丆曇丏恑壔妛帠揟丏嫟棫弌斉丆搶嫗丏
Nakano, H., K. Lundin, S.J. Bourlat, M.J. Telford, P. Funch, J.R. Nyengaard, M. Obst and M.C. Thorndyke. 2013. Xenoturbella bocki exhibits direct development with similarities to Acoelomorpha. Nature communications, 3:1537 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2556
Nakano et al. 2017. A new species of Xenoturbella from the western Pacific Ocean and the evolution of Xenoturbella. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17: 245 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1080-2 (18 Dec. 2017)*擔杮偐傜1怴庬傪婰嵹丂仏擔杮偱敪尒偝傟偨怴庬偺捒塓拵乮2018.3.28乯academist journal 尋媶僐儔儉乮拞栰桾徍乯
Nielsen, C. 2010. After all: Xenoturbella is an acoelomorph! Evolution & Development, 12(3): 241-243.
Philippe, H., H. Brinkmann, R .R. Copley, L. L. Moroz, H. Nalano, A. J. Poustka, A. Wallberg, K. J. Peterson and M. J. Telford. 2011. Acoelomorpha flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella. Nature, 470: 255-260.丂擔杮岅梫栺
Rouse, G. W. et al. 2016. New deep-sea species of Xenoturbella and the position of Xenacoelomorpha. Nature, 530: 94-97 (04 Feb. 2016). *搶懢暯梞偐傜4怴庬傪婰嵹
Telford, M. J. 2008. Xenoturbellida: the fourth deuterostome phylum and the diet of worms. Genesis, 46: 580-586.
Tyler, S. and S. Schilling. 2011. Phylum Xenacoelomorpha Philippe, et al., 2011. Pages 24-25. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Amimal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness.

儕儞僋
YouTube Strange worm (Xenoturbella bocki)

墦摗峀岝 ENDO, Hiromitsu
崅抦戝妛棟岺妛晹奀梞惗暔妛尋媶幒丂峏怴擔丗2018/03/05