嶲峫暥專
Brusca, R.C. and G.J. Brusca (2003) Invertebrates,
2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, 936 pp.
敀嶳媊媣
曇乮2000乯僶僀僆僨傿僶乕僔僥傿乕丒僔儕乕僘5丂柍愐捙摦暔偺懡條惈偲宯摑乮愡懌摦暔傪彍偔乯丏徶壺朳丆搶嫗丏326 pp.
揷嬤尓堦乮1995乯僿僢働儖愢偲僴僢僕愢偺懳寛丏Pp. 68-80 in 攏搉弒曘曇挊丏摦暔偺帺慠巎--尰戙暘椶妛偺懡條側揥奐--丏杒奀摴戝妛恾彂姧峴夛丆嶥杫丏
敧悪棿堦丒彫娭帯抝丒屆扟夒庽丒擔崅晀棽丂曇乮1996乯娾攇丂惗暔妛帿揟丂戞係斉丏娾攇彂揦丆搶嫗丏2028
pp.
Parazoa 懁惗摦暔丂柧椖側慻怐傗婍姱傪傕偨側偄僌儖乕僾丆屄懱惈傕晄柧椖
丂丂丂仛奀柸摦暔傪娷傓
Mesozoa 拞惗摦暔乮峀媊偺堄枴偱乯恀偺慻怐傪傕偨側偄扨弮側懱惂偺僌儖乕僾丆屄懱惈偼柧妋
丂丂丂仛捈塲摦暔丆旽宍摦暔丆暯斅摦暔丆Monoblastozoa
Eumetazoa 恀惓屻惗摦暔丂懱嵶朎偑忋旂峔憿傪傕偪丆懱撪偵娮擖偟偨徚壔宯傪傕偮僌儖乕僾
丂Radiata 曻幩憡徧摦暔丂懱幉偑曻幩憡徧偺懱惂傪傕偮僌儖乕僾
丂丂丂仛巋朎摦暔丆桳孂摦暔丆乮灆旂摦暔乯
丂Bilateria 嵍塃憡徧摦暔丂懱幉傪拞怱偵嵍塃憡徧偺懱傪傕偮僌儖乕僾乮俀師揑偵嵍塃晄憡徧傗曻幩憡徧偵側偭偨僌儖乕僾傕娷傓乯
丂丂丂仛奀柸丆暯斅丆巋朎丆桳孂摦暔傪彍偔屻惗摦暔
丂丂Protostomes 媽岥摦暔乮慜岥摦暔乯丂尨挵泱偺尨岥偑彨棃偺岥偵側傞僌儖乕僾
丂丂丂丂仛敪惗妛揑摿挜偵婎偯偒丆怴岥摦暔傪彍偔嵍塃憡徧摦暔傪娷傓
丂丂丂丂Lophotrochozoa 姤椫摦暔丂懡偔偺栧偼僩儘僐僼僅傾宆梒惗傪傕偮僌儖乕僾
丂丂丂丂丂丂仛暘巕宯摑壖愢偵婎偯偒丆滸宍丆撪汨丆奜汨丆桳椫丆獯拵丆榬懌丆昍宍丆擃懱丆娐宍丆惎岥摦暔傪娷傓乮Brusca
and Brusca, 2003)
丂丂丂丂Ecdysozoa 扙旂摦暔丂扙旂傪偡傞僌儖乕僾
丂丂丂丂丂丂仛暘巕宯摑壖愢偵婎偯偒丆娚曕丆桳捾丆摦暙丆橐塯丆慄宍丆椶慄宍丆愡懌摦暔傪娷傓乮Brusca
and Brusca, 2003)
丂丂Deuterostomes 怴岥摦暔乮屻岥摦暔乯丂尨挵泱偺尨岥偑彨棃偺汨栧偵側傝丆岥偼怴偨偵惗偠傞僌儖乕僾丂
丂丂丂丂仛敪惗妛揑摿挜偲暘巕宯摑壖愢偵婎偯偒丆灆旂丆敿嶕丆愐嶕摦暔傪娷傓扨宯摑孮